> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.livepeer.org/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# About Livepeer – Glossary

> Key terms used in the Livepeer About section – protocol architecture, network roles, governance, and ecosystem concepts.

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export const glossaryBadges = [{
  color: 'blue',
  label: 'Video'
}, {
  color: 'purple',
  label: 'AI'
}, {
  color: 'green',
  label: 'Livepeer'
}, {
  color: 'yellow',
  label: 'Technical'
}];

export const LazyLoad = ({children, height = "200px", offset = "200px", fadeDuration = 400, className = "", style = {}, ...rest}) => {
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    ...style
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      {children}
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};

export const CustomDivider = ({color = "var(--lp-color-border-default)", middleText = "", spacing = "default", style = {}, className = "", ...rest}) => {
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      </span>
    </div>;
};

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export const SearchTable = ({TableComponent = null, tableTitle = null, headerList = [], itemsList = [], monospaceColumns = [], margin, searchPlaceholder = 'Search...', searchColumns = [], categoryColumn = 'Category', filterColumns = [], columnWidths = {}, contentFitColumns = [], columnVariant = {}, categoryBadges = [], textIcons = [], showSeparators = false, separatorColumn = null, boldFirstColumn = true, className = '', style = {}}) => {
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    });
    return init;
  });
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  const safeSearchColumns = Array.isArray(searchColumns) ? searchColumns : [];
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    background: 'var(--lp-color-bg-page)',
    color: 'var(--lp-color-text-secondary)'
  };
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      [col]: value
    };
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      next[allFilterCols[i]] = 'All';
    }
    setSelections(next);
  };
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      <div style={{
    marginBottom: "var(--lp-spacing-2)",
    display: 'flex',
    flexWrap: 'wrap',
    gap: "var(--lp-spacing-2)",
    alignItems: 'center'
  }}>
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    maxWidth: '420px',
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    borderRadius: '8px',
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    background: 'var(--lp-color-bg-page)',
    color: 'var(--lp-color-text-secondary)'
  }} />
        {allFilterCols.map((col, colIndex) => {
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                  {o}
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      </div>

      {typeof TableComponent === 'function' ? <TableComponent tableTitle={tableTitle} headerList={safeHeaderList} itemsList={withSeparators} monospaceColumns={safeMonospaceColumns} columnWidths={columnWidths} contentFitColumns={contentFitColumns} showSeparators={showSeparators} margin={margin} /> : <Warning>SearchTable requires a `TableComponent` prop.</Warning>}
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};

{/* ==========================SECTION: SEARCH TIP========================= */}

<Tip>
  **Finding terms quickly**

  * **Cmd+K** (Mac) / **Ctrl+K** (Windows) – search all Livepeer docs
  * **Cmd+F** (Mac) / **Ctrl+F** (Windows) – search within this page
  * Use the category filter below to narrow by topic
</Tip>

<Note>
  Machine-readable term index: [glossary-data.json](./glossary-data.json)
</Note>

Core vocabulary for understanding Livepeer's protocol architecture, network roles, economic design, and governance – useful for anyone reading the About section.

<CustomDivider />

<LazyLoad height="600px">
  <SearchTable
    TableComponent={DynamicTable}
    showSeparators={true}
    filterColumns={["Niche"]}
    columnWidths={{ Definition: '50%' }}
    columnVariant={{ Category: "badge" }}
    categoryBadges={glossaryBadges}
    headerList={["Term", "Category", "Niche", "Definition"]}
    searchColumns={["Term", "Definition"]}
    itemsList={[
{ Term: "Active Set", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol", Definition: "The top 100 orchestrators by total bonded stake that are eligible to receive work and inflationary rewards each round." },
{ Term: "Active Set Election", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol", Definition: "The process at the start of each round that determines the top 100 orchestrators by bonded stake to form the active set." },
{ Term: "Arbitrum (Arbitrum One)", Category: "web3", Niche: "chain", Definition: "A Layer 2 Optimistic Rollup settling to Ethereum, processing transactions off-chain while inheriting Ethereum-grade security; the chain where Livepeer protocol contracts are deployed." },
{ Term: "Bonding", Category: "web3", Niche: "tokenomics", Definition: "Locking (staking) LPT tokens to an orchestrator in Livepeer's delegated proof-of-stake system to participate in network security and earn rewards." },
{ Term: "Broadcaster (deprecated)", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "role", Definition: "Legacy term for the node that published streams and submitted video jobs for transcoding; now replaced by 'Gateway.'" },
{ Term: "Cascade", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "upgrade", Definition: "Livepeer's strategic vision and upgrade for becoming the leading platform for real-time AI video pipelines, integrating AI inference alongside transcoding on the network." },
{ Term: "Codec (CODEC)", Category: "video", Niche: "encoding", Definition: "Software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video, typically using lossy compression algorithms." },
{ Term: "ComfyStream", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "product / ai:framework", Definition: "A Livepeer project running ComfyUI workflows as a real-time media processing backend for live streams, enabling AI-powered video generation pipelines." },
{ Term: "Confluence", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "upgrade", Definition: "The production protocol upgrade (LIP-73) that migrated Livepeer's core protocol contracts from Ethereum L1 to Arbitrum One." },
{ Term: "Controller", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "contract", Definition: "The registry smart contract that manages all protocol contract addresses and coordinates protocol upgrades on Arbitrum." },
{ Term: "CPU (Central Processing Unit)", Category: "technical", Niche: "hardware", Definition: "The primary general-purpose processor in a computer; in Livepeer, CPU handles node software overhead while GPU handles intensive transcoding and AI inference workloads." },
{ Term: "Cryptoeconomic Primitives", Category: "web3", Niche: "concept", Definition: "Fundamental building blocks that combine cryptography and economic incentives to enable secure, decentralized protocols." },
{ Term: "Daydream", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "product", Definition: "Livepeer's hosted real-time AI video platform that turns live camera input into AI-transformed visuals with sub-second latency." },
{ Term: "Delegator", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "role / web3:tokenomics", Definition: "A token holder who stakes LPT to an orchestrator to secure the network, participate in governance, and earn a share of rewards." },
{ Term: "Delegation", Category: "web3", Niche: "tokenomics", Definition: "The act of LPT holders staking their tokens toward orchestrators they trust, sharing in rewards without running infrastructure." },
{ Term: "Dynamic Inflation", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol / economic:reward", Definition: "Livepeer's inflation model where the per-round LPT issuance rate adjusts up or down by 0.00005% each round based on whether staking participation is below or above the 50% target bonding rate." },
{ Term: "Ephemeral Compute", Category: "technical", Niche: "infra", Definition: "Short-lived GPU resource allocation provisioned on-demand for a single AI inference task, released when the task completes." },
{ Term: "ETH Fees", Category: "economic", Niche: "payment / web3:token", Definition: "Payments in Ether made by gateways to orchestrators for completed transcoding or AI inference work, delivered via the probabilistic micropayment system." },
{ Term: "Execution Layer", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol", Definition: "The layer where actual compute work is performed by orchestrators and workers, distinct from the on-chain protocol layer." },
{ Term: "Fault Proof", Category: "web3", Niche: "chain", Definition: "A mechanism proving that an invalid state transition occurred on a Layer 2 chain, enabling challenges to incorrect rollup state roots." },
{ Term: "Fee Share", Category: "economic", Niche: "reward", Definition: "The portion of ETH fees earned by an orchestrator that is distributed to its delegators, determined by the orchestrator's configured fee cut percentage." },
{ Term: "Finality", Category: "web3", Niche: "concept", Definition: "The condition where a blockchain transaction becomes irreversible and cannot be altered or rolled back." },
{ Term: "Gateway", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "role", Definition: "A node that submits jobs to the network, routes work to orchestrators, manages payment flows, and provides the interface between end-user applications and the Livepeer protocol." },
{ Term: "Governor Contract", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "contract / web3:governance", Definition: "The on-chain governance smart contract (LivepeerGovernor) that authorizes protocol upgrades and parameter changes via stake-weighted voting." },
{ Term: "HLS (HTTP Live Streaming)", Category: "video", Niche: "protocol", Definition: "Apple's HTTP Live Streaming protocol that encodes video into multiple quality levels segmented into small files, delivered with an index playlist for adaptive bitrate playback." },
{ Term: "Inflation Model", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol / economic:reward", Definition: "The formula governing new LPT issuance each round, where the rate adjusts dynamically based on whether total bonded stake is above or below the 50% target bonding rate." },
{ Term: "Job Lifecycle", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol", Definition: "The sequence of stages from job submission through orchestrator selection, work execution, verification, and payment settlement." },
{ Term: "Layer 1", Category: "web3", Niche: "chain", Definition: "The base blockchain network (e.g. Ethereum) that validates and finalizes transactions without reliance on another network." },
{ Term: "Layer 2", Category: "web3", Niche: "chain", Definition: "A separate blockchain that extends a Layer 1 by handling transactions off-chain while inheriting security guarantees from the underlying chain." },
{ Term: "LIP (Livepeer Improvement Proposal)", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol / operational:governance", Definition: "A formal design document proposing a protocol change, new feature, or governance parameter adjustment for the Livepeer network." },
{ Term: "Low-Latency", Category: "video", Niche: "streaming", Definition: "A system characteristic where the delay between an event occurring and a response being delivered is minimised; in Livepeer, sub-500ms round-trip times are targeted for real-time AI video pipelines." },
{ Term: "LPT (Livepeer Token)", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol / web3:token", Definition: "The ERC-20 governance and staking token of the Livepeer protocol, used for orchestrator selection via delegation, reward distribution, and network security." },
{ Term: "Minter Contract", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "contract", Definition: "The smart contract responsible for minting new LPT tokens during orchestrator reward calls and holding ETH collected from winning payment tickets." },
{ Term: "Off-chain", Category: "web3", Niche: "concept", Definition: "Activities occurring outside the main blockchain, typically for scalability, speed, or cost reasons, with results optionally settled on-chain." },
{ Term: "On-chain", Category: "web3", Niche: "concept", Definition: "Activities directly recorded and executed on the blockchain with full transparency and security guarantees." },
{ Term: "Open Source", Category: "technical", Niche: "concept", Definition: "Software distributed with its source code under a licence permitting study, modification, and redistribution; Livepeer's protocol, go-livepeer node software, and SDK libraries are all open source." },
{ Term: "Orchestrator", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "role", Definition: "A supply-side operator contributing GPU resources, receiving transcoding or AI inference jobs, and earning ETH fees and inflationary LPT rewards." },
{ Term: "OSI Model", Category: "technical", Niche: "infra", Definition: "The Open Systems Interconnection reference model that defines seven network layers (physical through application) as a conceptual framework for understanding protocol design." },
{ Term: "Pay-per-Pixel", Category: "economic", Niche: "pricing", Definition: "Livepeer's pricing model where orchestrators are paid based on the total number of pixels transcoded, enabling granular and standardized cost comparison across different video resolutions and durations." },
{ Term: "Payment Channel", Category: "economic", Niche: "payment", Definition: "An off-chain mechanism where two parties conduct multiple transactions and only settle the final state on-chain, reducing per-transaction gas costs." },
{ Term: "Per Pixel (Price Per Pixel)", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "economics", Definition: "Livepeer's unit-based pricing mechanism where fees are calculated based on the number of pixels processed during a transcoding or AI inference job." },
{ Term: "Per Round", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "economics", Definition: "The Livepeer protocol's fundamental time unit, approximately equal to one day of Ethereum blocks; reward minting, activations, and delegator earnings accrue on a per-round basis." },
{ Term: "Payment Tickets", Category: "economic", Niche: "payment / livepeer:protocol", Definition: "Signed data structures issued by a gateway to an orchestrator representing a probabilistic payment; only winning tickets are redeemable on-chain for their ETH face value." },
{ Term: "Probabilistic Micropayments", Category: "economic", Niche: "payment", Definition: "A lottery-based payment scheme where only winning tickets are redeemed on-chain, amortizing transaction costs across many small payments without requiring per-payment gas." },
{ Term: "Proof-of-Stake", Category: "web3", Niche: "concept", Definition: "A blockchain consensus mechanism where validators stake cryptocurrency as collateral to propose and validate blocks, replacing computation-intensive proof-of-work." },
{ Term: "Quorum", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol / web3:governance", Definition: "The minimum amount of participating stake required for a governance vote to be considered binding and valid." },
{ Term: "Rebonding", Category: "web3", Niche: "tokenomics", Definition: "Re-staking tokens that are in the unbonding period to an orchestrator, canceling the unbonding process and returning them to active bonded stake." },
{ Term: "Reward Call", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol / economic:reward", Definition: "The on-chain transaction that an active orchestrator submits each round to mint and distribute new LPT inflation rewards to itself and its delegators." },
{ Term: "Reward Cut", Category: "economic", Niche: "reward", Definition: "The percentage of inflationary LPT rewards that an orchestrator retains before distributing the remainder to its delegators." },
{ Term: "Round", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol", Definition: "A discrete time interval defined in Arbitrum/Ethereum blocks during which staking rewards are calculated, the active set is determined, and protocol state is updated." },
{ Term: "RTMP (Real-Time Messaging Protocol)", Category: "video", Niche: "protocol", Definition: "Real-Time Messaging Protocol for streaming audio, video, and data over TCP, commonly used on port 1935 for live video ingest from broadcast software." },
{ Term: "Segment", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol / video:processing", Definition: "A time-sliced chunk of multiplexed audio and video data that is independently transcoded for parallel processing in Livepeer's pipeline." },
{ Term: "Service URI", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "config", Definition: "The on-chain registered endpoint URL that gateways use to discover and establish a connection with an orchestrator node." },
{ Term: "Session", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol", Definition: "An active connection between a gateway and an orchestrator during which one or more jobs are processed within a continuous work period." },
{ Term: "Slashing", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol / web3:tokenomics", Definition: "A penalty mechanism that destroys a portion of an orchestrator's bonded LPT for protocol violations such as failing verification, skipping verifications, or underperformance." },
{ Term: "SPE (Special Purpose Entity)", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "entity / operational:governance", Definition: "A treasury-funded organizational unit with a defined scope, budget, deliverables, and accountability mechanism for executing specific ecosystem initiatives." },
{ Term: "Stake-Weighted", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "governance", Definition: "A mechanism where each participant's voting power, reward allocation, or selection probability is proportional to their staked token balance rather than equal per-participant." },
{ Term: "Stake-Weighted Voting", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol / web3:governance", Definition: "A governance voting system where each participant's vote weight is proportional to their bonded LPT stake." },
{ Term: "Ticket Broker", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "contract / economic:payment", Definition: "The TicketBroker smart contract that manages Livepeer's probabilistic micropayment system, holding gateway deposits and processing winning ticket redemptions." },
{ Term: "Treasury", Category: "economic", Niche: "treasury / livepeer:protocol", Definition: "The on-chain pool of LPT governed by token holders via the LivepeerGovernor contract, funded by a percentage of per-round inflation and used for community-approved ecosystem grants and development." },
{ Term: "Unbonding", Category: "web3", Niche: "tokenomics", Definition: "The process of initiating withdrawal of bonded LPT from an orchestrator, which triggers a 7-round waiting period (thawing period) before tokens become liquid and withdrawable." },
{ Term: "USD (United States Dollar)", Category: "economic", Niche: "currency", Definition: "The official currency of the United States; used as the reference denomination for Livepeer gateway fees, grant amounts, treasury allocations, and market data." },
{ Term: "Verification Mechanisms", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "protocol", Definition: "Protocol-level processes that confirm orchestrators performed transcoding or AI work correctly, including Truebit-style verification and probabilistic spot-checking approaches." },
{ Term: "Warm Model", Category: "livepeer", Niche: "config / ai:concept", Definition: "An AI model that is already loaded into GPU memory and ready to serve inference requests immediately, without the cold-start latency of loading from storage." },
{ Term: "Winning Ticket", Category: "economic", Niche: "payment", Definition: "A probabilistic payment ticket whose random outcome meets the configured win probability threshold, entitling the orchestrator to redeem it on-chain for its ETH face value." },
]}
  />
</LazyLoad>

<CustomDivider />

## Livepeer Protocol Terms

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Active Set" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The top 100 Orchestrators by total bonded stake that are eligible to receive work and inflationary rewards each round.

    **Context**: The Active Set is recalculated at the start of each round; Orchestrators must maintain sufficient bonded stake to remain in the set and continue earning rewards and fees.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/staking`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Active Set Election" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The process at the start of each round that determines the top 100 Orchestrators by bonded stake to form the Active Set.

    **Context**: The election runs automatically each round on-chain; Orchestrators that fall outside the top 100 by bonded stake are excluded from work assignment and reward distribution until they regain a qualifying position.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/staking`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Broadcaster (deprecated)" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Legacy term for the node that published streams and submitted video jobs for transcoding; now replaced by "Gateway."

    **Also known as**: replaced by Gateway

    **Context**: The term "Broadcaster" was used in early Livepeer documentation and the original whitepaper; current documentation uses "Gateway" for this role.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/architecture`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Cascade" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Livepeer's strategic vision and upgrade for becoming the leading platform for real-time AI video pipelines, integrating AI inference alongside transcoding on the network.

    **Context**: Cascade is the named upgrade phase enabling AI inference workloads on the Livepeer Network, extending the protocol beyond video transcoding.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/upgrades`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="ComfyStream" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A Livepeer project running ComfyUI workflows as a real-time media processing backend for live streams, enabling AI-powered video generation pipelines.

    **Context**: ComfyStream is Livepeer's integration layer connecting ComfyUI diffusion workflows to live streaming, allowing real-time AI video transformations to run on network Orchestrators.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/ai`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Confluence" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The production protocol upgrade (LIP-73) that migrated Livepeer's core protocol contracts from Ethereum L1 to Arbitrum One.

    **Context**: Confluence was a major protocol milestone enabling cheaper, faster on-chain operations by moving the staking and payment contracts to Arbitrum.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/upgrades`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Controller" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The registry smart contract that manages all protocol contract addresses and coordinates protocol upgrades on Arbitrum.

    **Context**: The Controller is the central registry through which all other Livepeer smart contracts are discovered and updated during protocol upgrades.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/contracts`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Daydream" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Livepeer's hosted real-time AI video platform that turns live camera input into AI-transformed visuals with sub-second latency.

    **Context**: Daydream is Livepeer's consumer-facing AI video product demonstrating real-time AI video generation capabilities built on the Livepeer Network.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/ai`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Delegator" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A token holder who stakes LPT to an Orchestrator to secure the network, participate in governance, and earn a share of rewards.

    **Context**: Delegators are a core protocol actor in Livepeer; they bond LPT to Orchestrators they trust, sharing in inflationary rewards and ETH fees without operating infrastructure themselves.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/staking`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Dynamic Inflation" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Livepeer's inflation model where the per-round LPT issuance rate adjusts up or down by 0.00005% each round based on whether staking participation is below or above the 50% target bonding rate.

    **Context**: Dynamic inflation is Livepeer's mechanism for incentivising participation: when fewer than 50% of LPT is bonded, inflation rises to attract more stakers; when above 50%, it falls.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/economics`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Execution Layer" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The layer where actual compute work is performed by Orchestrators and workers, distinct from the on-chain protocol layer.

    **Context**: In Livepeer's architecture, the execution layer is the off-chain network of Orchestrator nodes doing transcoding and AI inference, coordinated by the on-chain protocol layer on Arbitrum.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/network`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Gateway" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A node that submits jobs to the network, routes work to Orchestrators, manages payment flows, and provides the interface between end-user applications and the Livepeer Protocol.

    **Context**: Gateways replaced the legacy "Broadcaster" role; they are the demand-side entry point to the network, handling job creation, Orchestrator selection, and probabilistic payment ticket issuance.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/architecture`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Governor Contract" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The on-chain governance smart contract (LivepeerGovernor) that authorizes protocol upgrades and parameter changes via stake-weighted voting.

    **Context**: The Governor contract is Livepeer's on-chain decision-making mechanism, introduced in LIP-89, enabling token-weighted votes on treasury allocations and protocol changes.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/governance`, `about/contracts`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Inflation Model" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The formula governing new LPT issuance each round, where the rate adjusts dynamically based on whether total bonded stake is above or below the 50% target bonding rate.

    **Context**: Livepeer's inflation model is designed to self-regulate staking participation: the rate increases when participation is low and decreases when it is high, targeting equilibrium at 50% bonded supply.

    **Status**: draft

    **Pages**: `about/economics`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Job Lifecycle" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The sequence of stages from job submission through Orchestrator selection, work execution, verification, and payment settlement.

    **Context**: Understanding the job lifecycle is fundamental to Livepeer's architecture: a Gateway submits a job, the network selects an Orchestrator, work is performed off-chain, verified, and payment tickets are issued.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/architecture`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="LIP (Livepeer Improvement Proposal)" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A formal design document proposing a protocol change, new feature, or governance parameter adjustment for the Livepeer Network.

    **Context**: LIPs are Livepeer's governance mechanism for protocol evolution; they are discussed on the governance forum, ratified by stake-weighted vote, and executed via the Governor contract.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/governance`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="LPT (Livepeer Token)" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The ERC-20 governance and staking token of the Livepeer Protocol, used for Orchestrator selection via delegation, reward distribution, and network security.

    **Context**: LPT is Livepeer's native utility token; bonded LPT determines which Orchestrators are in the Active Set, how rewards are distributed, and how governance votes are weighted.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/staking`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Minter Contract" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The smart contract responsible for minting new LPT tokens during Orchestrator reward calls and holding ETH collected from winning payment tickets.

    **Context**: The Minter is the on-chain treasury and issuance contract; it releases newly minted LPT to the BondingManager each round and holds Gateway ETH deposits until tickets are redeemed.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/contracts`, `about/economics`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Orchestrator" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A supply-side operator contributing GPU resources, receiving transcoding or AI inference jobs, and earning ETH fees and inflationary LPT rewards.

    **Context**: Orchestrators are the primary compute providers of the Livepeer Network; they must bond LPT to enter the Active Set, perform work reliably, and are subject to slashing for protocol violations.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/staking`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Payment Tickets" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Signed data structures issued by a Gateway to an Orchestrator representing a probabilistic payment; only winning tickets are redeemable on-chain for their ETH face value.

    **Context**: Payment tickets are Livepeer's mechanism for streaming micropayments without per-segment gas costs; the lottery design means only a statistically appropriate fraction of tickets win, amortizing on-chain fees across many payments.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/payments`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Per Round" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The Livepeer Protocol's fundamental time unit, approximately equal to one day of Ethereum blocks; reward minting, activations, and Delegator earnings accrue on a per-round basis.

    **Tags**: `livepeer:economics`

    **Context**: Key unit for Orchestrator reward calculations, Delegator stake checkpoints, and LPT inflation scheduling.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/staking`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Quorum" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The minimum amount of participating stake required for a governance vote to be considered binding and valid.

    **Context**: Quorum in Livepeer governance ensures that protocol decisions reflect meaningful stakeholder engagement; votes that do not reach the quorum threshold are not enacted regardless of their outcome.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/governance`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Reward Call" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The on-chain transaction that an active Orchestrator submits each round to mint and distribute new LPT inflation rewards to itself and its Delegators.

    **Context**: Reward calls are an Orchestrator's operational responsibility each round; missing reward calls means forfeiting inflationary LPT for that round, which also harms Delegators who rely on that income.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/staking`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Round" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A discrete time interval defined in Arbitrum/Ethereum blocks during which staking rewards are calculated, the Active Set is determined, and protocol state is updated.

    **Context**: Rounds are Livepeer's fundamental time unit for protocol operations; reward calls, Active Set elections, and inflation adjustments all happen on a per-round basis.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/staking`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Segment" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A time-sliced chunk of multiplexed audio and video data that is independently transcoded for parallel processing in Livepeer's pipeline.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/transcoding`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Service URI" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The on-chain registered endpoint URL that Gateways use to discover and establish a connection with an Orchestrator node.

    **Context**: The Service URI is how Orchestrators advertise their network address; it is registered in the ServiceRegistry smart contract so Gateways can look up Orchestrators by their on-chain identity and contact them directly.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/architecture`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Session" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: An active connection between a Gateway and an Orchestrator during which one or more jobs are processed within a continuous work period.

    **Context**: Sessions in Livepeer represent the active working relationship between a Gateway and a chosen Orchestrator; payment tickets are issued within a session, and the session persists across multiple segments of a stream.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/architecture`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Slashing" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A penalty mechanism that destroys a portion of an Orchestrator's bonded LPT for protocol violations such as failing verification, skipping verifications, or underperformance.

    **External**: [Livepeer whitepaper](https://github.com/livepeer/wiki/blob/master/WHITEPAPER.md)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/staking`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="SPE (Special Purpose Entity)" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A treasury-funded organizational unit with a defined scope, budget, deliverables, and accountability mechanism for executing specific ecosystem initiatives.

    **Context**: SPEs are Livepeer's primary mechanism for funding ecosystem development; they are proposed via governance, approved by LPT stakeholder vote, and receive LPT from the on-chain treasury to fund their work.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/governance`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Stake-Weighted" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A mechanism where each participant's voting power, reward allocation, or selection probability is proportional to their staked token balance rather than equal per-participant.

    **Tags**: `livepeer:governance`

    **Context**: Used in Livepeer governance votes, Orchestrator selection, and reward distribution – Delegators with more staked LPT have proportionally greater influence.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/governance`, `about/staking`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Stake-Weighted Voting" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A governance voting system where each participant's vote weight is proportional to their bonded LPT stake.

    **Context**: Stake-weighted voting in Livepeer means both Orchestrators and Delegators can vote on governance proposals, with voting power determined by bonded LPT; Delegators can override their Orchestrator's vote with their own stake.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/governance`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Ticket Broker" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The TicketBroker smart contract that manages Livepeer's probabilistic micropayment system, holding Gateway deposits and processing winning ticket redemptions.

    **Context**: The Ticket Broker is the on-chain settlement layer for Livepeer's payment system; Gateways deposit ETH into it as collateral, and Orchestrators submit winning tickets to it to claim payments.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/payments`, `about/contracts`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Treasury" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The on-chain pool of LPT governed by token holders via the LivepeerGovernor contract, funded by a percentage of per-round inflation and used for community-approved ecosystem grants and development.

    **Context**: The Livepeer treasury is a protocol-owned fund that allocates resources to SPEs, public goods, and ecosystem growth; it is distinct from the Livepeer Foundation and is controlled entirely by on-chain governance.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/governance`, `about/economics`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Verification Mechanisms" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Protocol-level processes that confirm Orchestrators performed transcoding or AI work correctly, including Truebit-style verification and probabilistic spot-checking approaches.

    **Context**: Verification mechanisms are how Livepeer enforces work quality without requiring every segment to be re-verified; the protocol uses a combination of cryptographic challenges and economic slashing to deter misbehavior.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/transcoding`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Warm Model" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: An AI model that is already loaded into GPU memory and ready to serve inference requests immediately, without the cold-start latency of loading from storage.

    **Context**: In Livepeer's AI network, Orchestrators can pre-load ("warm") models in GPU VRAM to guarantee fast response times; warm models are declared in the aiModels.json config and prioritised for latency-sensitive pipelines.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/ai`
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

<CustomDivider />

## Economic Terms

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Dynamic Inflation" icon="book-open">
    *See [Livepeer Protocol Terms](#livepeer-protocol-terms) above – this term spans both protocol and economic domains.*
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="ETH Fees" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Payments in Ether made by Gateways to Orchestrators for completed transcoding or AI inference work, delivered via the probabilistic micropayment system.

    **Context**: ETH fees are the demand-side revenue stream for Orchestrators and their Delegators, distinct from inflationary LPT rewards; they represent real market demand for network services.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/economics`, `about/payments`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Fee Share" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The portion of ETH fees earned by an Orchestrator that is distributed to its Delegators, determined by the Orchestrator's configured Fee Cut percentage.

    **Context**: Fee share (the complement of Fee Cut) is how Delegators earn from real network demand; Orchestrators configure what percentage of ETH fees they pass through to their stakers.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/staking`, `about/economics`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Pay-per-Pixel" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Livepeer's pricing model where Orchestrators are paid based on the total number of pixels transcoded, enabling granular and standardised cost comparison across different video resolutions and durations.

    **Context**: Pay-per-pixel is the fundamental unit of exchange in Livepeer's transcoding marketplace; it allows apples-to-apples pricing across different resolutions and bitrates by normalising to pixels processed.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/economics`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Per Pixel (Price Per Pixel)" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Livepeer's unit-based pricing mechanism where fees are calculated based on the number of pixels processed during a transcoding or AI inference job.

    **Tags**: `livepeer:economics`

    **Context**: A 4K frame costs more to process than a 720p frame because it contains more pixels; enables pricing that scales with workload complexity.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/economics`, `about/transcoding`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Payment Channel" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: An off-chain mechanism where two parties conduct multiple transactions and only settle the final state on-chain, reducing per-transaction gas costs.

    **External**: [State channels – ethereum.org](https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/scaling/state-channels/)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/payments`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Probabilistic Micropayments" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A lottery-based payment scheme where only winning tickets are redeemed on-chain, amortizing transaction costs across many small payments without requiring per-payment gas.

    **Context**: Livepeer's probabilistic micropayment system lets Gateways pay Orchestrators per video segment at sub-cent amounts without incurring Ethereum gas fees on every payment; the expected value of tickets matches the service cost.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/payments`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Reward Cut" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The percentage of inflationary LPT rewards that an Orchestrator retains before distributing the remainder to its Delegators.

    **Context**: Reward Cut is a key parameter Orchestrators configure to attract Delegators; a lower Reward Cut means Orchestrators pass more LPT to stakers, while a higher cut means they keep more for themselves.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/staking`, `about/economics`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="USD (United States Dollar)" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The official currency of the United States; used as the reference denomination for Livepeer Gateway fees, grant amounts, treasury allocations, and market data.

    **Tags**: `economic:currency`

    **External**: [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/economics`, `about/governance`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Winning Ticket" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A probabilistic payment ticket whose random outcome meets the configured win probability threshold, entitling the Orchestrator to redeem it on-chain for its ETH face value.

    **Context**: In Livepeer's payment system, most tickets are non-winning; only the fraction that statistically win are submitted to the TicketBroker for on-chain redemption, keeping gas costs low while maintaining correct expected payment values.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/payments`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

<CustomDivider />

## Web3 Terms

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Arbitrum (Arbitrum One)" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A Layer 2 Optimistic Rollup settling to Ethereum, processing transactions off-chain while inheriting Ethereum-grade security; the chain where Livepeer Protocol contracts are deployed.

    **External**: [Arbitrum docs](https://docs.arbitrum.io/welcome/arbitrum-gentle-introduction)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/network`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Bonding" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Locking (staking) LPT tokens to an Orchestrator in Livepeer's delegated proof-of-stake system to participate in network security and earn rewards.

    **External**: [Livepeer bonding overview](https://forum.livepeer.org/t/an-overview-of-bonding/97)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/staking`, `about/delegators`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Cryptoeconomic Primitives" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Fundamental building blocks that combine cryptography and economic incentives to enable secure, decentralised protocols.

    **External**: [Cryptoeconomics – Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptoeconomics)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/economics`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Delegation" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The act of LPT holders staking their tokens toward Orchestrators they trust, sharing in rewards without running infrastructure.

    **External**: [Livepeer delegation](https://www.livepeer.org/delegate)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/staking`, `about/protocol`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Fault Proof" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A mechanism proving that an invalid state transition occurred on a Layer 2 chain, enabling challenges to incorrect rollup state roots.

    **External**: [Rollups – ethereum.org](https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/scaling/)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/network`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Finality" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The condition where a blockchain transaction becomes irreversible and cannot be altered or rolled back.

    **External**: [Ethereum glossary – finality](https://ethereum.org/glossary/)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/network`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Layer 1" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The base blockchain network (e.g. Ethereum) that validates and finalizes transactions without reliance on another network.

    **External**: [Layer-1 blockchain – Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer-1_blockchain)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/network`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Layer 2" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A separate blockchain that extends a Layer 1 by handling transactions off-chain while inheriting security guarantees from the underlying chain.

    **External**: [Layer 2 – ethereum.org](https://ethereum.org/layer-2/)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/network`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Off-chain" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Activities occurring outside the main blockchain, typically for scalability, speed, or cost reasons, with results optionally settled on-chain.

    **External**: [Off-chain – ethereum.org glossary](https://ethereum.org/glossary/)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/architecture`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="On-chain" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Activities directly recorded and executed on the blockchain with full transparency and security guarantees.

    **External**: [On-chain – ethereum.org glossary](https://ethereum.org/glossary/)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/contracts`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Proof-of-Stake" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A blockchain consensus mechanism where validators stake cryptocurrency as collateral to propose and validate blocks, replacing computation-intensive proof-of-work.

    **External**: [Proof-of-stake – ethereum.org](https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pos/)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/staking`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Rebonding" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Re-staking tokens that are in the unbonding period to an Orchestrator, canceling the unbonding process and returning them to active bonded stake.

    **External**: [Livepeer bonding overview](https://forum.livepeer.org/t/an-overview-of-bonding/97)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/staking`, `about/delegators`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Unbonding" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The process of initiating withdrawal of bonded LPT from an Orchestrator, which triggers a 7-round waiting period (thawing period) before tokens become liquid and withdrawable.

    **External**: [Livepeer unbonding introduction](https://forum.livepeer.org/t/introduction-to-partial-unbonding/360)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/staking`, `about/delegators`
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

<CustomDivider />

## Video Terms

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Codec (CODEC)" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video, typically using lossy compression algorithms.

    **External**: [Video codec – Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_codec)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/transcoding`, `about/video`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="HLS (HTTP Live Streaming)" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Apple's HTTP Live Streaming protocol that encodes video into multiple quality levels segmented into small files, delivered with an index playlist for adaptive bitrate playback.

    **External**: [HTTP Live Streaming – Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Live_Streaming)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/transcoding`, `about/streaming`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Low-Latency" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: A system characteristic where the delay between an event occurring and a response being delivered is minimised; in Livepeer, sub-500ms round-trip times are targeted for real-time AI video pipelines.

    **Tags**: `video:streaming`

    **Context**: Critical for interactive AI video applications – high latency breaks the real-time feedback loop between user input and AI-transformed output.

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/ai`, `about/streaming`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="RTMP (Real-Time Messaging Protocol)" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Real-Time Messaging Protocol for streaming audio, video, and data over TCP, commonly used on port 1935 for live video ingest from broadcast software.

    **External**: [RTMP – Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-Time_Messaging_Protocol)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/transcoding`, `about/streaming`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Segment" icon="book-open">
    *See [Livepeer Protocol Terms](#livepeer-protocol-terms) above – this term spans both protocol and video domains.*
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

<CustomDivider />

## Technical Terms

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="CPU (Central Processing Unit)" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The primary general-purpose processor in a computer; in Livepeer, CPU handles node software overhead while GPU handles intensive transcoding and AI inference workloads.

    **Tags**: `technical:hardware`

    **External**: [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/architecture`, `about/ai`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Ephemeral Compute" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Short-lived GPU resource allocation provisioned on-demand for a single AI inference task, released when the task completes.

    **External**: [Edge computing – Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_computing)

    **Status**: draft

    **Pages**: `about/ai`, `about/architecture`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Open Source" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: Software distributed with its source code under a licence permitting study, modification, and redistribution; Livepeer's protocol, go-livepeer node software, and SDK libraries are all open source.

    **Tags**: `technical:concept`

    **External**: [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software)

    **Also known as**: open-source, FOSS

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/protocol`, `about/architecture`
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="OSI Model" icon="book-open">
    **Definition**: The Open Systems Interconnection reference model that defines seven network layers (physical through application) as a conceptual framework for understanding protocol design.

    **External**: [OSI model – Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model)

    **Status**: current

    **Pages**: `about/architecture`
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

<CustomDivider />

<CardGroup cols={3}>
  <Card title="Protocol Overview" icon="house" href="/v2/about">
    How Livepeer's protocol, roles, and economics fit together
  </Card>

  <Card title="Full Glossary" icon="book" href="/v2/resources/glossary">
    All terms across every Livepeer tab
  </Card>

  <Card title="FAQ" icon="circle-question" href="/v2/about/resources/faq">
    Common questions about the Livepeer Protocol and network
  </Card>
</CardGroup>