Livepeer Protocol Economics
.
Not present in production builds. Safe no-op in prod. */
body {
padding: 0 !important;
}
/* Colors Used
#3CB540 - Jade Green
#2b9a66 - Light Green
#18794E - Dark Green
Complementary Greens
See https://coolors.co/004225-1a794e-08a045-3cb540-62ba4f
#004225 - Deep Forrest
#1A794E - Turf Green
#08A045 - Medium Jungle
#3CB540 - Jade Green
#6BBF59 - Moss Green
See https://coolors.co/0c0c0c-073b3a-1a794e-08a045-6bbf59
#0C0C0C - Onyx Black
#073B3A - Dark Teal
#1A794E - Turf Green
#08A045 - Medium Jungle
#6BBF59 - Moss Green
See https://coolors.co/fffffa-073b3a-1a794e-08a045-6bbf59
#FFFFFA - Porcelain
#073B3A - Dark Teal
#1A794E - Turf Green
#08A045 - Medium Jungle
#6BBF59 - Moss Green
Pink Offset Colour
See https://coolors.co/073b3a-1a794e-f61067-08a045-6bbf59
#F61067 - Razzmatazz Pink
#073B3A - Dark Teal
#1A794E - Turf Green
#08A045 - Medium Jungle
#6BBF59 - Moss Green
*/
/* ============================================
GLOBAL THEME VARIABLES
Component governance source of truth
============================================ */
:root {
--lp-color-accent: #3cb540;
--lp-color-accent-strong: #18794e;
--lp-color-accent-soft: #6bbf59;
--lp-color-accent-bright: #5dd662;
--lp-color-accent-brightest: #a0f0a5;
--lp-color-arbitrum: #3ea6f8;
--lp-color-text-primary: #181c18;
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--lp-color-brand-twitch: #9048ff;
--lp-color-brand-youtube: #ff0034;
--lp-color-brand-instagram: #dc2275;
--lp-color-brand-linkedin: #0189df;
--lp-color-brand-preview: #b636dd;
--lp-color-brand-coming-soon: #ef1a73;
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--lp-radius-md: 0.5rem;
--lp-radius-lg: 0.75rem;
--lp-shadow-card: 0 8px 24px rgba(24, 28, 24, 0.08);
--lp-z-base: 1;
--lp-z-overlay: 10;
--lp-z-modal: 50;
/* Legacy aliases maintained during migration */
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--border: var(--lp-color-border-default);
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--arbitrum: var(--lp-color-arbitrum);
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--lp-color-link: #5dd662;
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--lp-color-brand-github: #f0f0f0;
/* Legacy aliases maintained during migration */
--accent: var(--lp-color-accent);
--accent-dark: var(--lp-color-accent-strong);
--hero-text: var(--lp-color-text-primary);
--text: var(--lp-color-text-secondary);
--text-secondary: var(--lp-color-text-secondary);
--muted-text: var(--lp-color-text-muted);
--background: var(--lp-color-bg-page);
--card-background: var(--lp-color-bg-card);
--background-highlight: var(--lp-color-bg-subtle);
--border: var(--lp-color-border-default);
--button-text: var(--lp-color-on-accent);
--page-header-description-color: var(--lp-color-text-secondary);
--arbitrum: var(--lp-color-arbitrum);
}
/* ============================================ */
/* Code block themes
hiki codeblock themes:
Popular Dark Themes:
github-dark (what you have now)
github-dark-dimmed
github-dark-high-contrast
dracula
dracula-soft
monokai
nord
one-dark-pro
poimandres
rose-pine
everforest-dark
vitesse-dark
Popular Light Themes:
github-light (what you have now)
github-light-high-contrast
solarized-light
rose-pine-dawn
everforest-light
vitesse-light */
/* img[alt="dark logo"],
img[alt="light logo"] {
max-width: 180px;
} */
/* V2 TEST */
/* a.nav-tabs-item[href="/pages/resources/resources_hub.mdx"],
a.nav-tabs-item[href="/pages/08_help/README"] {
color: rgba(255, 90, 90, 0.342) !important;
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/* Make the nav-tabs container full width */
.nav-tabs {
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/* Fix Mintlify content width and centering.
Regular pages: balance padding + widen inner cap.
Portal/frame pages: balance padding (smaller) + widen inner cap for full-width hero. */
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/* Regular pages */
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:has(.frame-mode-container)
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border-bottom-color: transparent !important;
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/* .gap-x-6 {
column-gap: 2rem !important;
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/* .nav-tabs h-full flex text-sm gap-x-6 {
column-gap: 2rem !important;
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/* Push Resource HUB to the right and style as outlined button */
a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/resources/redirect'],
a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/resources/portal'],
a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/07_resources/redirect'],
a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/07_resources/portal'] {
margin-left: auto;
background-color: transparent;
border: 1px solid var(--accent) !important;
padding: 4px 8px;
border-radius: 4px;
font-size: 0.7rem;
height: auto !important;
align-self: center;
margin-right: -2rem;
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/* Color the text */
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color: #2b9a66 !important;
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a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/resources/redirect'] svg,
a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/resources/portal'] svg,
a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/07_resources/redirect'] svg,
a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/07_resources/portal'] svg,
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a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/resources/redirect'] > div:last-child,
a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/resources/portal'] > div:last-child,
a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/07_resources/redirect'] > div:last-child,
a.nav-tabs-item[href$='/07_resources/portal'] > div:last-child,
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#footer .flex-col .flex.gap-4 {
flex-direction: column !important;
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/* Reduce footer padding */
#footer > div {
padding-top: 2rem !important;
padding-bottom: 1rem !important;
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/* Accessibility: prevent hidden assistant sheet from receiving focus */
#chat-assistant-sheet[aria-hidden='true'] {
display: none !important;
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/* Accessibility: ensure CTA buttons meet minimum target size */
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padding-top: 4px;
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#footer > div > div:first-child > div {
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/* Fix bad styling of cards with arrows */
[data-component-part='card-content-container'] {
padding-right: 2.5rem; /* Creates space for the arrow */
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/* Reposition View component dropdown */
/*
To find the correct selector:
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2. Right-click on the dropdown in the top-right corner
3. Select "Inspect Element"
4. Find the class name or data attribute
5. Replace the selector below with the actual one
*/
/* Common possible selectors - uncomment and adjust the one that works */
/* Option 1: If it has a data attribute */
/* [data-view-dropdown] {
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/* Option 2: If it's in a fixed container */
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/* Option 3: Target by position (fixed elements in top-right) */
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/* Option 4: Move it inline with content instead of fixed position */
/* Replace 'ACTUAL_SELECTOR' with the real class name from browser inspection */
/* ACTUAL_SELECTOR {
position: static !important;
display: inline-block !important;
margin-bottom: 20px !important;
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.code-block > div > div > svg {
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/* Error 404 Styling */
#error-description > span > div > div {
border: 1px solid #18794e !important;
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body
> div.relative.antialiased.text-gray-500.dark\:text-gray-400
> div.peer-\[\.is-not-custom\]\:lg\:flex.peer-\[\.is-custom\]\:\[\&\>div\:first-child\]\:\!hidden.peer-\[\.is-custom\]\:\[\&\>div\:first-child\]\:sm\:\!hidden.peer-\[\.is-custom\]\:\[\&\>div\:first-child\]\:md\:\!hidden.peer-\[\.is-custom\]\:\[\&\>div\:first-child\]\:lg\:\!hidden.peer-\[\.is-custom\]\:\[\&\>div\:first-child\]\:xl\:\!hidden
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> div {
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#error-description
> span
> div
> div
> div.relative.rounded-xl.overflow-hidden.flex.justify-center
> img {
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/* Step List Color Icons Styling */
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> div.steps.ml-3\.5.mt-10.mb-6
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/* #radix-_R_5slubt9fen9fdb_ */
/* Turn off bg-white in dark mode for multi-view dropdown (PALM THEME BUG) */
.dark .bg-white\/\[0\.95\].multi-view-dropdown-trigger {
background-color: transparent !important;
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/* Sidebar collapse button - bigger and easier to click */
/* #sidebar button.absolute {
min-width: 2.5rem !important;
min-height: 2.5rem !important;
padding: 0.75rem !important;
z-index: 100 !important;
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/* Override US flag with UK flag in language selector */
/* Hide the original img and use background-image instead */
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#localization-select-item-en img[alt="US"],
img[alt="US"][src*="flags/US.svg"] {
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#localization-select-trigger img[alt="US"]::before,
#localization-select-item-en img[alt="US"]::before,
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background-size: cover !important;
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/* Hide the panel on frame mode pages (MINTLIFY SUCKS) */
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Mintlify's Tailwind prose resets table-layout to auto — !important required. */
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Mint wraps rendered tables in a scroll container with vertical padding,
which creates a false gap above/below the header row. */
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/* Pagination on frame mode pages ONLY - match container padding */
[data-page-mode='frame'] #pagination {
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#content > div.frame-mode-hero-full > div.frame-mode-container > div > div:nth-child(2) > div > div > div:nth-child(4) > a > div > #card-link-arrow-icon {
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Livepeer uses both its native token - LPT, and Ethereum (ETH) to power its network and compensate actors for their contributions.
The Livepeer protocol uses a dynamic inflation rate and stake-for-access model to ensure the network’s security and functionality.
We’ll cover the LPT tokenomics and why delegating to orchestrators remains important even as inflation tapers off.
Money Flow: LPT Token Economics 1. Staking Flow (Delegators → Orchestrators) Step 1: Token Approval
Before bonding, delegators must approve the BondingManager to transfer their LPT tokens.Step 2: Bonding
Delegators call Bond(amount, orchestratorAddress) which:
Transfers LPT from delegator to BondingManager
Updates orchestrator’s delegated stake
Calculates pool position hints for gas optimisation
Updates the transcoder pool sorted by stake
Step 3: Orchestrator Registration
To become an orchestrator, a node must:
First bond LPT to itself
Call Transcoder(rewardCut, feeShare) with commission parameters
Register service URI via SetServiceURI()
The transcoder pool maintains orchestrators sorted by delegated stake as a linked list, with hints optimizing insertions.
2. Reward Flow (Minter → Orchestrators → Delegators) Each round, active orchestrators can call Reward() to mint inflationary tokens:
Reward Calculation Process :
Orchestrator calls Reward() on BondingManager
BondingManager queries CurrentMintableTokens() from Minter
Minter calculates: mintable = inflation * totalSupply / bonded
Reward distributed proportionally to orchestrator’s stake
Orchestrator keeps their commission (rewardCut)
Remaining rewards distributed to delegators proportionally
Claiming Earnings :
Delegators must call ClaimEarnings(endRound) to realize their accumulated rewards and fees from past rounds.3. Payment Flow (Broadcasters → Orchestrators) The payment system uses probabilistic micropayments to minimize on-chain transactions:
Step 1: Broadcaster Deposits
Broadcasters fund their account via FundDepositAndReserve():
Deposit : Locked collateral (can’t be used immediately)Reserve : Available pool for ticket redemptions 14
Step 2: Off-Chain Ticket Creation
For each video segment processed:
Broadcaster creates a signed ticket with faceValue and winProb
Ticket sent off-chain to orchestrator via HTTP headers
Most tickets don’t win (e.g., 1% win probability)
Step 3: Ticket Validation & Queuing
Orchestrator validates ticket:
Checks signature and expiration
Calculates if ticket wins using recipientRand
Winning tickets queued in local database
Tracks sender’s MaxFloat (reserve - pending redemptions)
Step 4: On-Chain Redemption
When sufficient funds available:
Orchestrator calls RedeemWinningTicket(ticket, sig, recipientRand)
TicketBroker validates ticket against on-chain state
Transfers faceValue from broadcaster’s reserve to orchestrator
Updates claimedReserve in BondingManager
This achieves ~99% cost reduction vs. Per-segment on-chain payments while maintaining fair compensation through probabilistic expected value.
4. Fee Flow (Broadcasters → Orchestrators → Delegators) Orchestrators earn fees from ticket redemptions:
Fees accumulate in orchestrator’s earnings pool
Orchestrator keeps their commission (feeShare)
Remaining fees distributed to delegators
Delegators claim via ClaimEarnings()
5. Withdrawal Flows Unstaking (Delegators) :
Call Unbond(amount) - creates unbonding lock
Wait UnbondingPeriod rounds (typically 7 rounds)
Call WithdrawStake(unbondingLockId) - receive LPT back
Payment Withdrawal (Broadcasters) :
Call Unlock() on TicketBroker
Wait unlock period
Call Withdraw() - receive remaining deposit + reserve
Client Integration The go-livepeer client abstracts all contract interactions through the LivepeerEthClient interface: 15
Contract Address Resolution :
All contract addresses are dynamically discovered through the Controller registry using Keccak256 hashes of contract names. This enables contract upgrades without changing client code. 16 Gas Optimisation Strategies 1. Pool Hints When bonding or calling reward, the client calculates “hints” (previous/next positions in the sorted transcoder pool) to enable O(1) insertions instead of O(n) searches on-chain. 17
2. Batch Operations Multiple tickets can be created off-chain in batches, with only winning tickets requiring on-chain transactions.
3. Dynamic Gas Pricing The client implements sophisticated gas price management, using 2x base fee with user-specified ceilings to balance confirmation speed and cost. 18
Summary: Complete Money Flow
Token holders approve and bond LPT → BondingManager (staking)Minter mints new LPT → BondingManager → Orchestrators (inflation rewards)Orchestrators distribute rewards → Delegators (minus commission)Broadcasters deposit LPT → TicketBroker (payment reserves)Orchestrators redeem tickets → receive LPT from TicketBroker (fees)Orchestrators distribute fees → Delegators (minus commission)Delegators claim earnings from BondingManager (accumulated rewards + fees)
This creates a circular economy where:
Staking secures the network and earns inflation rewards
Active orchestrators earn fees from broadcasters
Delegators participate in rewards without running infrastructure
Probabilistic payments enable cost-efficient micropayments
All flows tracked on-chain with minimal gas overhead
Notes
The contracts are deployed on Ethereum mainnet (and Arbitrum for L2)
Contract addresses are stored in the Controller registry for upgradeability
All token operations use standard ERC20 approval patterns
The system supports both L1 and L2 deployments with backward compatibility
Round-based operations ensure coordinated protocol upgrades and state transitions
The probabilistic payment system reduces on-chain transactions by ~99% while maintaining fair expected value for all parties
Last modified on April 7, 2026
